Factors that Affect Detachment of Bacteria from Biofilm and Research Proposal

Elements that Affect Detachment of Bacteria from Biofilm and Interactions between Free Bacteria and Those in the Biofilm - Research Proposal Example They contain a scope of various microorganisms including, however not constrained to microalgae, protozoan and microscopic organisms. Biofilms can contain pathogenic types of microorganisms . They have been proposed as a component of protection for microorganisms, and comprise of a lattice that can hold fast to fluid or strong surfaces . Biofilms have been demonstrated to be in excess of multiple times more safe than free microbes to antibacterial specialists . As a result of their significant level of opposition and soundness they can give viable supplies to pathogens, just as endurance points of interest and potential increments to their destructiveness. Biofilms have been connected to some human ailment and incessant diseases, including kidney stones and cystic fibrosis contaminations of the lungs . Over 99% of all microscopic organisms that is available on the planet exists in biofilms , as a result the nearness of biofilms and their job with pathogenic microorganisms is a signif icant zone of study. Microorganisms inside and outside to biofilms are unique in relation to each other in various ways. Just as expanded protection from antibacterial specialists, microbes inside biofilms exist in a situation of agreeably that has a crude circulatory framework and show a crude type of homeostasis . Microorganisms join to a biofilms by drawing closer intently with the goal that a short affiliation is framed between the bacterium and either the surface or other microscopic organisms previously connected.

The Pay Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Pay Model - Essay Example Contrast your thoughts and somebody with more experience, somebody from another nation, somebody from another field of study. The Compensation is something that is paid to take care of the open door expense. For instance, if a worker makes duty to work for the association for the following five years it implies he is prepared to forfeit his five years for one association. These five years could be invested elsewhere in less energy devouring and less wild employment. In this manner, the organization must compensation him the sensible sum that can take care of his expense of losing different positions. The Most persuading definition from an employee’s point of view is the arrival. The arrival to representative spreads both the qualification, just as, reward. The individual who is increasingly experienced has various recognitions in regards to the meaning of pay. The remuneration might be characterized as danger of misfortune, while for a new worker the hunger for hazard is high (Coppleman, 2004). The greater part of the created nations should not have to consider the essential needs to cover in the pay bundle however in creating nations, employee’s recognition for the pay might be entirely unexpected; the satisfaction of the fundamental needs may likewise be joined in the remuneration bundle (Coppleman, 2004). Various fields require diverse degree of pay bundles from the organizations. For instance, if the activity requires visit voyaging, so the remuneration may cover voyaging, just as, convenience costs, though if the activity is absolutely work area based the pay might be compensation alongside different advantages (Coppleman, 2004). 3. What is the system of profits that your school offers your educator? What returns do you accept have any kind of effect in instructing viability? What returns OK change or add to build the educating viability? System of profits alludes to the way that all rewards, recompenses and pay

E,F,G Example

E,F,G Example E,F,G â€" Article Example > Information Resources and Your Information NeedsG1. The most important sources of information imperative to my research work are from the books, journals, thesis papers, conference papers and URL link information among other credible online information. The rationale for the importance of these sources of information is because of the different perspective that they present about the research work. In essence, in order for a research process to be fully complete a researcher has to consider a wide scope of sources which are not limited to books or journals but rather inclusive of all important sources especially with the presence of technological tools such as online databases that provides thousands of information. A research work also requires a literature review which states the relevant details from different authors who have done similar research; this provides the researcher a good platform to commence the research writing in details and also improve on the focus. This is th e major rationale for choosing the different information sources that I have stated in this explanation. Search Strategy - PlanningG2. The search strategy planning has a number of imperative things to consider when accessing relevant search to the topic of the research process. Some of the fundamental but essential things to remember and consider when planning a search strategy are as follows. Taking time to read and think through the search strategy before beginning the search process is an important starting point. Defining your topic well- this will be important in the selection of keywords to be uses in the search process. The keywords of phrases act as a summary to the information selected. Writing a paragraph of the research topic can be important in selecting the keywords for the research process, as an example of my research process, the paragraph used in the first assignment looks is as follows; ” The underlined words helped in creating keywords or phrases. Defining the scope of the topic by year and language also helps in limiting the number of search; this is usually available in advanced search option. Search Strategy - ExecutionG3.Begin your search- Most electronic databases allows linking of keywords using AND OR and AND NOT these are normally called Boolean operators. Refining the search- since some databases my provides a large list of the results, it is imperative to refine the search by re-writing the keywords to focus more on the topic or by making the research more specific through the use of NOT operators. When the search finds too few results, it is appropriate to increase the search by increasing the year limit of publications, using truncation symbols like environ* or wildcards like *? And $. Irrelevance- when the search results are irrelevant it is important to consider re-writing the keywords to be more relevant to the computer search operations or alternatively one can look for other online search databases. It is also imperative to consider saving the search strategy you once used in order to save on time while accessing the same database again. Since many electronic databases allow users to save their search strategy, it is an important consideration as a researcher to ensure that the research is saved for future references.

The Challenge of Recognizing and Eliminating Unconscious Evil

The Challenge of Recognizing and Eliminating Unconscious Evil In life, it is crucial for individuals to challenge themselves for the exhilaration of victory and to form proud milestones that they can look back on. The individual must overcome this challenge in a successful manner in order to not only benefit themselves, but to also improve the lives of those who surround them. Hernando Tellez’s â€Å"Lather and Nothing Else† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allen Poe both illustrate a challenging situation that the protagonists are forced to overcome. In both of these stories, the barber and the murderer demonstrate that evil existing in the world must be acknowledged. It is then the responsibility of the individual who recognizes this evil†¦show more content†¦My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 60). The protagonist acknowledges his own sin of murdering the old man. He is forced into a situation where he is placed under scrutiny for the death of a man he is responsible for. Both characters demonstrate their recognition of evil in the situation they are forced to be in. However, the difference is that the barber is able to recognize evil in the captain and the murderer acknowledges the evil in himself. This shows that regardless of where the evil is found, it can be attempted to be removed. By being able to identify evil in the world, one can take on the challenge of eliminating it. Once the character has become conscious of the evil around them, it is the individual’s responsibility to take on the challenge of eliminating it. In â€Å"Lather and Nothing Else†, after the barber confirms that his customer is a heartless executioner, plans of murder run through his mind. He thinks, â€Å"I could cut his throat just so, zip! Zip!† (Tellez). This thought demonstrates that he has an intention to eradicate the evil by killing his customer. He concludes that he must eliminate it to prevent others from being trapped into the executioner’s duties and by ending his life, nobody else will have to undergo his treatment. This is where the barber takes on the challenge, but fails to complete it because the captain leaves the shop unharmed. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† alsoShow MoreRelatedAn Aboriginal Approach to Social Work7459 Words   |  30 Pagesbanned without the non-Aboriginal knowing the exact meaning of these ceremonies and their pur pose. Indian agents, priests, ministers, and law enforcement officials also encouraged the pass system. Many aspects of Aboriginal culture were seen as evil, barbaric, and uncivilized. Deputy Superintendent General of the Federal Government decided to eliminate Aboriginal culture and control them by implementing these strict laws. One example from the book illustrates the banning of a First NationsRead MoreAdolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma4747 Words   |  19 Pages2008). Evidence suggests adolescents who think about how the trauma could have been prevented may suffer from extreme guilt. Untreated maladaptive behavior can become lethal toward others or themself. Adolescents face a conundrum of developmental challenges as they navigate through traumatic experiences and make positive use of healthy coping skills. Self-awareness and self-regulation are two important skills traumatized adolescents can learn to control their emotions and self-talk. Counselors workingRead MoreMGT1FOM Key Management Theorists26579 Words   |  107 Pagesphysically able to comply with the communication. To explain how an organization could function according to his notion of authority, Barnard used the phrase ‘‘zone of indifference’’ to describe that set of communications that an individual would rarely challenge. This zone of indifference might be narrow or wide, depending on the degree to which inducements outweighed the burdens and sacrifices of complying with a communication. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping withRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMcGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 3 the strong business growth of pacesetter companies in the United States and throughout the world? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations that challenge the longterm continuation of profitable earnings? 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Learning Is A Key Component Of Human Development - 862 Words

Learning is a crucial component of human development; learning helps people understand past mistakes and progress in both their personal and professional lives. Children would remain stagnant if they did not learn which is why it is important to take the time to understand human methods of learning, and develop ways to enhance the learning process. In my reflection journal I will address at least two main points from the weekly reading from Contemporary Theories of Learning (Illeris, 2009) and Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 2005). In addition I will include my personal connection and application for each point. In Contemporary Theories of Learning, Illeris defined learning as â€Å"any process that in living organisms leads to permanent capacity change and which is not solely due to biological maturation or ageing† (Illeris, 2009). I found this definition interesting, because learning by his definition is centered on change and the learning that typically takes place in our school systems are not centered on change; they are centered on memorizing facts by rote memorization. When I attended a semester at Calvary Chapel Bible College in Murrieta California, one of my professors discussed that there are five different types of learning levels, including rote, recognition, restatement, relation, and realization. After reviewing these five levels, I noticed that the actual change does not occur until the realization stage where the individual understands the informationShow MoreRelatedLife Span Human Development Paper748 Words   |  3 PagesPerspective Paper : To understand change in life is probably one of the most important aspects of human development. 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Research Scope In today s fast paced environment, manufacturing flexibility is extensively recognized as a critical component to accomplish aRead MoreTalent Management Strategy1693 Words   |  7 Pagesemployee connected practices of the organization. Retaining and attracting talented employees, in a talent management system, is the responsibility of every tier of management in the organization, but especially the Human Resource managers who are in charge of hiring, training, and development. A successful talent management strategy also engages in the practice of sharing data about high profiled employees and their employment history and accomplishments to all divisions of the organization. This processRead MoreA Talent Management Strategy1712 Words   |  7 Pagesemployee connected practices of the organization. Retaining and attracting talented employees, in a talent management system, is the responsibility of every tier of management in the organization, but especially the Human Resource mana gers who are in charge of hiring, training, and development. A successful talent management strategy also engages in the practice of sharing data about high profiled employees and their employment history and accomplishments to all divisions of the organization. This processRead MoreMotivation And School Applications Of Motivation839 Words   |  4 Pagesintrinsic to the learning process (Martinez, 2010; Schunk, 2012). Behaviorism is the attempt to understand humans through observations of their actions rather than on a cognitive level and considers the learning process as a superficial construction between stimuli and responses (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000; Schunk, 2012). The advent of cognitive sciences in the 1950s changed how learning was theorized and began to examine the importance of the social and cultural contexts of the learning processRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources925 Words   |  4 PagesIf you were to ask any human resources professional w hat their responsible functions were you would receive many different responses based on their department. â€Å"No two human resources departments have precisely the same roles because of differences in organization sizes and characteristics of the workforce, the industry, and management values.† (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhard, Wright, 2016). Even though the roles in the departments are different, the functions that human resources are supportive ofRead MoreCareer Development Plan1719 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Career Development Plan Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program Chentrell M. Williams, MPA Human Capital Management – HRM 531 University of Phoenix Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program On February 22, 2005, InterClean, Inc. became a major force in the sanitation industry after acquiring a key competitor, EnviroTech. The company established a new strategic

Up in Arms Nuclear Weapons and North Korea Free Essays

Nuclear weapons are not merely explosive devices that release an enormous amount of energy through the fusion or fission of atomic nuclei, but the issue of producing and researching it involves a more complex threat. Originally developed for use in World War II (1939-45), these nuclear weapons are among modern warfare’s most lethal and destructive weapons. These could decimate cities in seconds and the destruction would advance throughout many years as people affected by it will suffer various diseases. We will write a custom essay sample on Up in Arms: Nuclear Weapons and North Korea or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, the issue of nuclear weapons indeed encompass strategic, political and cultural dimensions as these are instruments that pose a global threat. Around the world, there exists a growing clamor that it is not enough merely to reduce the number of nuclear weapons in the world. People call for the total elimination of nuclear weapons. Members of the peace movement have long opposed nuclear weapons on the moral grounds that they have the potential to destroy mankind. For that obvious reason, nuclear arms should not be manufactured, tested or used, and those remaining should be destroyed. Surprisingly, calls for the complete abolition of nuclear arms have come from different quarters, even from a group of former high-ranking military officers. Just recently, North Korea had been embroiled in this controversy when it insisted that they would never dismantle its nuclear program, while the United States maintained a â€Å"hostile† policy toward the country this year. If we look into its history, nuclear weapons and Korea have been entwined for more than 50 years. During the Korean War (1950-1953), the United States threatened several times to use nuclear weapons. This is the reason why the U.S. military forces remained in South Korea (the Republic of Korea). The United States began deploying several types of nuclear weapons to the South in January 1958, a time of extensive worldwide U.S. nuclear deployments. Initially, four different kinds of nuclear weapons were introduced with U.S. Army forces in South Korea: the Honest John surface-to-surface missile, the massive 280-millimeter gun, the 8-inch artillery shell, and atomic demolition munitions (ADMs) (Mack, 1994). However, North Korea is widely believed to have produced and separated enough plutonium for a small number of nuclear warheads. Most or all of the plutonium came from the 5-MWe reactor at Yongbyon, which went critical on August 14, 1985, and became operational the following January. The U.S. intelligence community believes that during a 70-day shutdown in 1989, North Korea secretly removed fuel from the reactor and separated the plutonium. Estimates vary as to how much plutonium was obtained. The State Department believes about 6-8 kilograms; the CIA and Defense Intelligence Agency say 8-9 kilograms, an estimate consistent with the careful analysis of the Institute for Science and International Security. South Korean, Japanese, and Russian analysts have made much higher estimates, ranging up to 24 kilograms (Albright and Higgins, 2002). What is incredible with this issue is that North Korea never admitted it possessed nuclear weapons, but it appears likely that it does. NBC Nightly News reported in 1993 that reprocessed plutonium had already been converted from a liquid form to metal, and several U.S. officials concluded that Pyongyang had made it into a bomb. In November 2002, the CIA went further than its previous estimates, stating, â€Å"The United States has been concerned about North Korea’s desire for nuclear weapons and has assessed since the early 1990s that the North has one or possibly two weapons using plutonium it produced prior to 1992† (Norris, Kristensen and Handler, March/April 2003). By August 2005, the issue of nuclear proliferation on the Korean peninsula continued to dominate the political landscape. Talks between North Korea and the United States had met with little success, with no narrowing of the gap between those two countries on North Korea’s peaceful use of nuclear energy. The United States continued to insist that all of North Korea’s nuclear facilities had to be dismantled while North Koreans insisted that they had the right to conduct peaceful nuclear activities.   Indeed, North Korean chief delegate Kim Kye-gwan rhetorically asked, â€Å"We are not a defeated nation in war, and we have committed no crime, so why should we not be able to conduct peaceful nuclear activities?† (BBC News, 5 August 2006). With this, several countries warned North Korea that launching a missile would yield undesirable results.   Notably, Japanese Prime Minister  Junichiro Koizumi advised North Korea against test-firing the missile saying, â€Å"Japan has been urging North Korea to stop the attempt to launch a missile. We are making efforts to urge North Korea to act rationally and with self-restraint†.   He went on to warn, â€Å"If it does not listen to us and fires a missile, we have to consult with the United States and take stern measures â€Å". Moreover, the United States Department of State reacted to the launch of the North Korea’s missile Taepodon-2 as a â€Å"provocative† and attention-seeking act.   White House press secretary, Tony Snow, said that President George W. Bush was consulting with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on the matter.   Secretary Rice called on North Korea to return to the multilateral discussion table (Associated Press, 19 June 2006). For its part, North Korea confirmed that it had test-fired a series of missiles and that further missile tests would be launched.   North Korean officials also warned that they would react strongly to punitive pressures from the international community. Furthermore, North Korea defiantly defended its right to launch the missiles, saying that it was a matter of national sovereignty.   That said, geopolitical analysts observed that North Korea’s latest moves may have been made for strategic reasons rather than simply as an act of national sovereignty. With the seemingly stubborn stance of North Korea, the United Nations Security Council unanimously approved Resolution 1718 on October 14, 2006. The resolution called for the inspections on cargo going to and from North Korea to search for weapons, a ban on the sale or transfer of materials related to North Korea’s unconventional weapons program, and a freeze on the transfer of funds connected with North Korea’s nuclear and ballistic missile programs (The Economist 21 October 2006).   Absent from Resolution 1718 was the Chapter Seven [of the United Nations charter] provision, which would enforce the sanctions via military force . Even though the resolution was approved by the United Nations Security Council and welcomed by the international community, total agreement on the matter of North Korea remained distant (Arms Control Today Magazine, November 2006). With these turn of events, we could clearly point out how nuclear weapons became a strategic instrument of North Korea to defy the will of the international community. North Korea is flexing its military capabilities by showing off its nuclear weapons. This underscored the need for the nations to begin disarming as soon as possible. North Korea may have felt an ominous threat that they decided they must acquire nuclear weapons in order to â€Å"catch up† to and achieve equal status with a military giant like the United States. However, their intentions were not well-received by their neighbours because North Korea became a â€Å"threat† itself when it decided to push with their nuclear missile tests. Moreover, the international community is frowning upon the real intentions of these â€Å"tests†, whether North Korea is just out to protect itself or is it a tactical plan to scare off their neighbours by virtually stating â€Å"Don’t mess up with us, or else†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thus, these strategic moves by North Korea effectively served to further isolate the country and confirm its pariah status within the international community. As we all know, the effect of nuclear weapons is not limited to political and social relations. According to Frey (2003), it is undeniable that nuclear weapons cause destruction in a number of different ways. They create temperatures upon explosion that are, at least initially, millions of degrees hot. Some of their first effects are heat effects, and materials are often incinerated on contact. The heat from the blast also causes rapid expansion of air, resulting in very high winds that can blow over buildings and other structures. A weapon blast also releases high levels of radiation, such as neutrons, x-rays, and gamma rays. Humans and other animals close to the centre of the blast suffer illness and death from radiation exposure. The set of symptoms associated with such exposure is known as radiation sickness. Many individuals who survive radiation sickness eventually develop cancer and their offspring frequently suffer genetic damage. Finally, a weapon’s blast releases huge amounts of radioactive materials. Some of these materials settle out of the atmosphere almost immediately, creating widespread contamination. Others remain in the atmosphere for weeks or months, resulting in long-term radioactive fallout. In the final analysis, the impending danger of the nuclear testing that North Korea is undertaking could be an ominous phenomenon for all of us. As the scenarios above have explained, nuclear weapons encompass strategic, political and cultural dimensions of whether these harmful military arsenals need to be maintained. Experts have already cited that the continued production of nuclear weapons must be halted soon or civilization itself will be imperilled. On the contrary, some military experts disagree, arguing that the existence of sophisticated nuclear weapons is a deterrent to nuclear war, even urging that nations should be ready to use nuclear weapons first, if necessary. In studying the complex issue of nuclear weapons, people should take a closer look at the extent of the nuclear danger facing the world today and debate the best methods for enhancing nuclear security. A â€Å"win-win† solution should be drafted so that the greater good of humanity comes in first, before any strategic or political agenda of any organization or nation. Works Cited Albright, David and Higgins, Holly. North Korea: It’s Taking Too Long: Inspections in North Korea Are Tied to the Reactor Deal, Which Is Far Behind Schedule, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, January/February 2002. Arms Control Today Magazine. US Security Council resolution 1718 on North Korea.36.9  (Nov 2006):  30(2) Associated Press. North Korea Warned of Possible Retaliation, June 19, 2006. Accessed online 14 December 2006 at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2006-06/19/content_620814.htm BBC News. North Korea Talks ‘Near to Deadlock’, August 5, 2006 . Accessed online 14 December 2006 at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4748671.stm Frey, R. J. Nuclear Weapons. M. In Bortman, P. Brimblecombe and MA. Cunningham (eds.), Environmental Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Kura, Alexandra. Rogue Countries: Background and Current Issues. Huntington, NY: Nova Science, 2001. Mack, Andrew. Nuclear Endgame on the Korean Peninsula. Canberra, Australia: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1994. Norris, Robert S., Kristensen, Hans M.   and Handler, Joshua. North Korea’s nuclear program, 2003. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 59.2 (March/April 2003): 74-77. Accessed online 14 December 2006 at http://www.thebulletin.org/article_nn.php?art_ofn=ma03norris The Economist. Going Critical, Defying the World; Nuclear-Weapons Proliferation. 381.8500: (Oct 21, 2006): 79. How to cite Up in Arms: Nuclear Weapons and North Korea, Essay examples

What Happened to the Native Population After 1492 free essay sample

A â€Å"virgin soil† epidemic can be described as the introduction of several diseases into a population who has no knowledge or immunity against them. An example that comes to mind when thinking of this â€Å"virgin soil† concept is the devastating loses the Native Americans of South and Central America suffered after contact with European explorers. Unknowingly at the time, these explorers carried with them such diseases as small pox, malaria, measles, and yellow fever just to name a few. For the Native Americans, who have had no contact with these diseases are practically defenseless, which allowed it to spread so quickly. Without a strong enough immune system, these outbreaks killed hundreds of thousands if not millions of Native Americans, far worse than what weapons and starvation could accomplish. One example involves the legendary Native American woman named Pocahontas. She married English explorer/settler John Rolfe who returned with her to show that the natives of America could be tamed. We will write a custom essay sample on What Happened to the Native Population After 1492? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Within the first year of being in England, Pocahontas contracted a case of small pox and eventually died. As time passed on these â€Å"virgin soil† epidemics spread from South and Central America into the lands of what we know now as the Continental United States. The same diseases that crushed civilizations as the Incas and Mayans almost 200 years before decimated such Native American tribes as the Cherokee, Huron, and Iroquois. More than half of some tribe’s populations were reduced by these new plagues that killed with great speed and efficiency. Even today, new diseases are created or evolve into epidemics that modern technology and medicine cannot stop. As science allows us to repel common diseases, even completely cure them; new plagues are always a threat to the human race. Such diseases as Avian Flu, the Ebola Virus, and the biggest killer AIDS have claimed the lives of uncountable humans. They have not reached the death toll like the Bubonic Plague of the middle ages, which killed over one third of the human race at the time, but are showing no signs of slowing down. An example of how much a disease like AIDS has spread is the statistic of more than 25 percent of Africa’s entire population is infected with H. I. V. and/or AIDS. With facts as that, it is not hard to imagine the quick spread of a very contagious and extremely deadly â€Å"virgin soil† epidemic to appear in a community. The community response would probably happen in four parts. The first of the four parts is the warnings, followed by the second step or phase, which is blame. Parts three and four would be a great panic and finally how we would turn the tide. Each of the four parts will described individually to give the full sense of the human response to a â€Å"virgin soil† epidemic. Part one of the human response would be either local or federal government issuing warnings, informing the people that a new virus has be identified and begun to spread throughout the initial area. They would explain the symptoms, how it is contracted and what you should do if you or someone you know should become infected. Slowly but surely there would be more and more reports of the growing disease on the news and in newspapers. C. D. C. officials would issue an official statement declaring that they don’t know what this disease is, where it came from or what vaccines will work. Rumors would begin to grow throughout the community that this is out of control, it is spread to other regions of the world and of course there is no cure. Fear would begin to creep into the minds of every member of the community even if they have not seen the true effects of the disease. That fear will generate something far worse then what is actually the truth is and will mask how fast this epidemic is truly spreading. This new disease will become the talk on everyone’s mind and leads into the second step of the human response. Step two, as said earlier, is the blame by the government and the common people of the community. As the fear grew and grew about this uncontrollable disease, the first thing people would want to establish is who created it and how it got introduced here. Theories of chemical weapons or a scientific accident would come around as false claims. The claims would probably be first presented by the C. D. C. in hopes to unite the remaining people to donate money in hopes for finding a cure. With an identified common enemy, the government would have greater support in trying to contain this new plague. As time went on, and the disease continued to spread, stories and claims would begin to be exaggerated by fear. There would be so many â€Å"well I heard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  type stories that people would forget where the original blame was placed. With all these rumors, stories, and pointed fingers, the third step would set into motion. The great panic, some would call it, is an excellent description of the next step in the community’s response. With the death toll rising and no cure in sight, mass hysteria would grip the population. People would respond in different ways, some would board up their houses and lock themselves from the outside, infected world. Others would leave, simply pack up all the personal effects they could carry and drive off to a place that has not been touched by the disease. Enormous traffic jams would form, frightened people would begin to argue and fight, some abandoning their vehicles to escape the disease on foot. Rioters who are trying to stock up on essentials they may need for their trip or their home fortress would raid grocery stores and several other places. The government would then step in and quarantine the entire area in hopes to control the spread of this disease. Armed guards in body suits would prevent anyone leaving, closing roads, destroying bridges and even firing on people who did not back away from the perimeter. In this great panic the disease would spread to truly uncontrollable levels, people would escape the quarantine, carrying the disease to other places without really knowing it or simply in denial. Religious fanatics would begin claiming this is an act of God, this is his punishment for being sinful and that there is no point in trying to stop it. Hospitals would be pushed far beyond their limits, becoming breeding grounds even hives for the disease to grow and spread more. This mass panic would not last very long for several reasons and those reasons are the fourth step, turning the tide. With the several quarantined zones tearing themselves apart, the great panic would not last for very long. The government would have several options that they would choose from if a cure were not discovered. The number of people in the zones would begin to decrease as the infection spread and killed everyone it came into contact with. The military personnel would begin to tighten the quarantine zones as the population began to decrease. Scientists would be working around the clock in hopes of finding the cure for this disease, taking samples from both infected and non-infected. They would be given a deadline to find a cure and if that did not happen, then the military would exterminate the disease and everyone who carried it. The deaths of some will save the lives of others and hopefully destroy all traces of this unknown disease. The only known deposits of the disease would be in highly contained labs with full teams of doctors and scientists working to find a cure for this outbreak, in case it ever comes again. The reactions of a present day community would be different from the possible reactions of the native peoples of the sixteenth century New World. The natives would have most likely looked to their Gods for reasons of this punishment. There would not of been a great panic or organized quarantine, since they did not have the mass communications we have of today. The extent of their hysteria would have probably been mass prayer, sacrifices or fasting. They probably remained in their lands, hoping the disease would die off or not affect them but with that false hope, the numbers of dead became almost countless and forever ravaged these once great civilizations, leaving some extinct. While the disease spread, there was very little hope for finding a cure and all of their spiritual and medicinal attempts would fail against this â€Å"virgin soil† epidemic. The natives just remained as this wave of death swept away their society forever. In conclusion, the fears of â€Å"virgin soil† epidemics are as strong now as they were five hundred years ago. The idea that a powerful disease can cripple an entire community with ease is one that scares almost everyone. As technology continues to advance, scientists hope to discover, cure, and eradicated diseases before they get the chance to attack a population of people. Organizations such as the Centers for Disease Control are constantly working to erase all forms of disease from the world. Their goal is to not only defeat the existing diseases but develop a way to strength the human immune system to the point that we will be unaffected by any form of disease.